Electrode-cooling system.



D. C. DAVIS.

ELEETRODE COOLING SYSTEM. APPLICATION FILED 1mm. l9l5.

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Patented Nov. 9, 1915.

UNITED srA'ras PATENT orsrcn.

DAVID C. DAVIS, OF SWISSVALE, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR 'I'O WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC AND MANUFACTURING COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF PENNSYL VANIA- I ELECTRODE-COOLING SYSTEM. 1,159,903. Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Nov, 9 1915 Application filed January 23,1915. Serial No. 3,971.

To all whom it ma concern: may give rise to a substantial difference in Be it known t at I, DAVID C. Davis, a the relative amounts of cooling fluid passing citizen of'the United States, and a resident through them, with consequent erratic and of Swissvale, in the county of Allegheny ineflicient action of the rectifier.

and State of Pennsylvania, have invented In an application of L. M. Aspinwall,- 11. nevi and useful Improvement in Electrode- Serial N o. 3972, filed Jan. 23, 1915, and as- Cooli-ng Systems, of which the following is signed to the Westinghouse Electric & Man+ a-specification. ufacturing Company, is disclosed a rectifier .y invention relates to cooling systems cooling system which is an improvement for vapor rectifiers and like apparatus, and upon the above, in that a stream of cooling it has for its object to provide means where fluid is passed through the anodes in sucby the temperatures of various portions of cesslon whereby exactly equal amounts of said-apparatus may bemaintained at deficooling fluid are supplied to the anodes in nite predetermined values with respect, to equal periods of time. This system is very each other. effective in many cases but I have found that In the accompanying drawing, Figure 1 operation of the successive, anodes in the isa side view, partially in section and pars cooling stream at higher and higher temtially in elevatlon, of a mercury-arc-vapor peratures, because of the gradual increase in rectifier embodying my invention-;' and Fig. the temperature of the cooling fluid tends 2 is a side view, partially in section and parto preclude extremely close regulation of the tially in elevation, of a detail modification temperature of the various portions of the thereof. I a I rectifier as required, for example, when it In the operation of vapor rectifiers, espeis necessary to operate at or nearly the 'maxicially those of large size and of the metalmum possible efliciency. For example, I container type, the amount of heat generated hswe found that, when employing a twoat the anodes is so great as to cause ratpid deanode rectifier, the anodes may be mainterioration of the substance thereo with tained at equal temperatures by using a coolthe expulsion of occluded gases and instaing system of the Aspinwall type and by bility 1n the operation of the arc. In order, diverting a small portion of the cooling fluid therefore, to maintain the temperature of around the heated surfaces of the first anode. the anodes within reasonable limits, it has In thismanner, the first anode is provided become a usual practice .to artificially cool with a small amount of cooling fluid of low I them as, for example, by a stream of cooling temperature and the second anode is pro- .fluld flowin through the interiors thereof. v1ded with a larger amount of cooling fluid Inan ap ication of Frank Conrad, Serial of relatively high temperature. It is well .No. 705,03 filed June 21 1912, and asknown that the rate of dissipation of heat ,si ed to the Westinghouse lillectric & Manvaries directly as the difference in temperauf a turing Company, is disclosed a rectifierture between the heat-dissipating and heat cooling system of this type wherein a stream receiving bodies. Accordingly, by pro or of cooling fluid, after passing through a adjustment of the a paratus, I am enab ed cathode cooling space, is divided into to remove from the rst anode as many calobranches which flow through the separate ries per unit of time by'the use of a relaanodes and then reunite. On account of the tively small amount of cooling fluid and a exceedingly small frlctional hydrostatic relatively high temperature difference as are head developed in each branch of this mulremoved from the second anode per unit of tiple fluid path, it is. difiicult to obtain a time by the use of a large amount of coolin proper division of cooling fluid between the fluid and a relatively small difference '0 different branches thereof. The slightest temperature. structural dissimilarity between two anodes Referring to the accompanying drawing,

2 is the container of a rectifier, preferably of and hence does not come into contact with the mercury-vapor-arc type, provi ed'witha the heated surfaces. By employing a baflie liquid cathode 3 and with suitable metallic member of this character, I am able to disanodes 4 and 4, preferably of hollow steel. pense with the by-pass 16 and the valve 17 Current is supplied to the anodes 4 and 4' by and still obtain equally effective action. suitable conductors 5 and flows from the While I have described my invention as cathode through a suitable conductor 6. The applied to the two main anodes of a vapor cathode 3 may be maintained in an active rectifier, it is obvious that it maybe applled condition by any suitable means, such, for to electrodes of other kinds, such, for exexample, as a keep-alive circuit shown diaample, as keep-alive anodes, either in conrammatically at The container 2 is surnection with each other or in connection with rounded by a jacket 8 of such size that there the main anodes, and, furthermore, it is is provided an annular cooling space 9 readily applicable to other types of appaaround the cathode 3. Suitable tubes 10 and ratus, such, for example, as X-ray tubes. 10' ioject into the interiors of the hollow While I have described and illustrated a anodes 4 and 4' and are open at their lower preferred embodiment of my invention, I do I ends for a purpose to be hereinafter denot desire to be restricted thereto, but desire scribed. Cooling fluid from any suitable that only such restrictions shall be placed source is supplied to the space 9 through a upon my invention as are set forth in the tube 11 and thence flows via a tube 12 to the appended claims or are imposed by the prior interior of the left hand anode 4, through art. the tube 10, and impinges upon the active I claim as my invention:

heating surface thereof. The cooling fluid 1. In vapor electric apparatus, the combithen passes through the annular space benation with a plurality-of anodes, each of tween the tube 10 and the neck of the anode which is provided with a cooling space, of

4 and through a suitable tube 13 and the means for cooling both of said anodes by a tube 10 to the active heating surface of the single stream of cooling fluid, and means for anode 4'. It is thence conducted through equalizing the cooling effects of the stream the annular space between the tube 10' and in the two anodes.

the neck of the anode 4 to a suitable over- 2. In vapor electric'apparatus, the comflow tube 14. Suitable insulating joints 15 bination with a plurality of anodes, each of are placed in the tubes 12, 13 and 14 in orwhich is provided with a cooling space, of der to prevent short circuiting of the rectimeans for cooling both of said anodes in fiers. A suitable by-pass tube 16 connects succession by a single stream of; cooling the tube 12 with the tube 13, and the passage fluid, and means for equalizing the cooling of fluid therethrough is controlled by a suiteffects of the stream in the two anodes. 0 able valve 17. By the manipulation of the 3. In a vapor electric apparatus, the comvalve 17, a greater or less amount of cooling bination with a plurality of anodes, each of lower end of the cooling tube. The

fluid may be diverted from the anode 4 and which is provided with a cooling space, of thus the anode 4 will be supplied with a means for maintaining said anodes at subrelatively small amount of cooling fluid at stantially the same temperature comprising a comparatively low temperature. On the a stream of cooling fluid, means for directother hand, since no by-pass is provided ing a portion only of said cooling fluid upon around the cooling space of the anode 4', all the heated portions of one anode, and means of the cooling fluid, at a relatively high temfor thereafter directing a greater portion of perature, passes therethrough. By a suitsaid cooling fluid upon he heated portionsc able adjustment of the valve 17, the two of the second anode. anodes may be maintained at substantially 4.- In vapor electric apparatus, the combiequal temperatures in spite of the increment nation with a cathode and a plurality of of the temperature of the cooling fluid-in anodes, each of said electrodes being proeach anode. g vided with a cooling space adjacent thereto, :In the form of my invention shown in of means for passing-a stream of cooling Fig. 2, I have illustrated a modification fluid through the cathode-cooling space and wherein an anode 4, provided with a cooling then through each of the anode-cooling tube 10 in the interior thereof, carries an adspaces in succession, and means for equalizjustable baflie member 20 surrounding) the ing the cooling effects of said stream upon afiie said anodes. v member may be raised or lowered by any 5. The method of artificially cooling a suitable means such, for example, as a rod plurality of heat-generating units to sub- 18 projecting from the apparatus. 1 stantially the same temperature, said units In operation, a portion of the cooling fluid generating heat at substantially equal rates, 1 5 impinges directly upon the hot end 'of the which comprises passing a stream of cooling anode, as shown by arrows 19, and a portion fluid to each of said units in succession, d1-

thereof passes up inside the baflie member 20 verting a portion of said cooling fluidaround the heat-dissipating surfaces of the first unit, and diverting smaller and smaller portions of said cooling fluid around the heatelissipeting surfaces in each of the succeed- 5 mg umts.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto Witnesses DAVID 0. DAVIS.-

V GEO. W. HANSEN,

B. B.H

mus. 

